uaccess: Add strict non-pagefault kernel-space read function

Add two new probe_kernel_read_strict() and strncpy_from_unsafe_strict()
helpers which by default alias to the __probe_kernel_read() and the
__strncpy_from_unsafe(), respectively, but can be overridden by archs
which have non-overlapping address ranges for kernel space and user
space in order to bail out with -EFAULT when attempting to probe user
memory including non-canonical user access addresses [0]:

  4-level page tables:
    user-space mem: 0x0000000000000000 - 0x00007fffffffffff
    non-canonical:  0x0000800000000000 - 0xffff7fffffffffff

  5-level page tables:
    user-space mem: 0x0000000000000000 - 0x00ffffffffffffff
    non-canonical:  0x0100000000000000 - 0xfeffffffffffffff

The idea is that these helpers are complementary to the probe_user_read()
and strncpy_from_unsafe_user() which probe user-only memory. Both added
helpers here do the same, but for kernel-only addresses.

Both set of helpers are going to be used for BPF tracing. They also
explicitly avoid throwing the splat for non-canonical user addresses from
00c42373 ("x86-64: add warning for non-canonical user access address
dereferences").

For compat, the current probe_kernel_read() and strncpy_from_unsafe() are
left as-is.

  [0] Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/eefeefd769aa5a013531f491a71f0936779e916b.1572649915.git.daniel@iogearbox.net