clk: take the prepare lock out of clk_core_set_parent

Rework set_parent core function so it can be called when the prepare lock
is already held by the caller.

This rework is done to ease the integration of the "protected" clock
functionality.

Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Quentin Schulz <quentin.schulz@free-electrons.com>
Tested-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime.ripard@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: Michael Turquette <mturquette@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Jerome Brunet <jbrunet@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Turquette <mturquette@baylibre.com>
Link: lkml.kernel.org/r/20171201215200.23523-3-jbrunet@baylibre.com