netfs: Define an interface to talk to a cache

Add an interface to the netfs helper library for reading data from the
cache instead of downloading it from the server and support for writing
data just downloaded or cleared to the cache.

The API passes an iov_iter to the cache read/write routines to indicate the
data/buffer to be used.  This is done using the ITER_XARRAY type to provide
direct access to the netfs inode's pagecache.

When the netfs's ->begin_cache_operation() method is called, this must fill
in the cache_resources in the netfs_read_request struct, including the
netfs_cache_ops used by the helper lib to talk to the cache.  The helper
lib does not directly access the cache.

Changes:
v6:
- Call trace_netfs_read() after beginning the cache op so that the cookie
  debug ID can be logged[3].
- Don't record the error from writing to the cache.  We don't want to pass
  it back to the netfs[4].
- Fix copy-to-cache subreq amalgamation to not round up as it goes along
  otherwise it overcalculates the length of the write[5].

v5:
- Use end_page_fscache() rather than unlock_page_fscache()[2].

v4:
- Added flag to netfs_subreq_terminated() to indicate that the caller may
  have been running async and stuff that might sleep needs punting to a
  workqueue (can't use in_softirq()[1]).
- Add missing inc of netfs_n_rh_read stat.
- Move initial definition of fscache_begin_read_operation() elsewhere.
- Need to call op->begin_cache_operation() from netfs_write_begin().

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-and-tested-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Dave Wysochanski <dwysocha@redhat.com>
Tested-By: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@auristor.com>
cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
cc: linux-cachefs@redhat.com
cc: linux-afs@lists.infradead.org
cc: linux-nfs@vger.kernel.org
cc: linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org
cc: ceph-devel@vger.kernel.org
cc: v9fs-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210216084230.GA23669@lst.de/ [1]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/2499407.1616505440@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ [2]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161781045123.463527.14533348855710902201.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ [3]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161781046256.463527.18158681600085556192.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ [4]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161781047695.463527.7463536103593997492.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ [5]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161118141321.1232039.8296910406755622458.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ # rfc
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161161036700.2537118.11170748455436854978.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ # v2
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161340399569.1303470.1138884774643385730.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ # v3
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161539542874.286939.13337898213448136687.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ # v4
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161653799826.2770958.9015430297426331950.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ # v5
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161789081462.6155.3853904866933313256.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/ # v6