x86/asm: Ensure asm/proto.h can be included stand-alone

Fix:

  ../arch/x86/include/asm/proto.h:14:30: warning: ‘struct task_struct’ declared \
    inside parameter list will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration
  long do_arch_prctl_64(struct task_struct *task, int option, unsigned long arg2);
                               ^~~~~~~~~~~

  .../arch/x86/include/asm/proto.h:40:34: warning: ‘struct task_struct’ declared \
    inside parameter list will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration
   long do_arch_prctl_common(struct task_struct *task, int option,
                                    ^~~~~~~~~~~

if linux/sched.h hasn't be included previously. This fixes a build error
when this header is used outside of the kernel tree.

 [ bp: Massage commit message. ]

Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/b76b4be3-cf66-f6b2-9a6c-3e7ef54f9845@web.de