block, loop: support partitions without scanning

Historically we did distinguish between a flag that surpressed partition
scanning, and a combinations of the minors variable and another flag if
any partitions were supported.  This was generally confusing and doesn't
make much sense, but some corner case uses of the loop driver actually
do want to support manually added partitions on a device that does not
actively scan for partitions.  To make things worsee the loop driver
also wants to dynamically toggle the scanning for partitions on a live
gendisk, which makes the disk->flags updates non-atomic.

Introduce a new GD_SUPPRESS_PART_SCAN bit in disk->state that disables
just scanning for partitions, and toggle that instead of GENHD_FL_NO_PART
in the loop driver.

Fixes: 1ebe2e5f

 ("block: remove GENHD_FL_EXT_DEVT")
Reported-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220527055806.1972352-1-...