btrfs: refactor submit_compressed_extents()

We have a big chunk of code inside a while() loop, with tons of strange
jumps for error handling.  It's definitely not to the code standard of
today.  Move the code into a new function, submit_one_async_extent().

Since we're here, also do the following changes:

- Comment style change
  To follow the current scheme

- Don't fallback to non-compressed write then hitting ENOSPC
  If we hit ENOSPC for compressed write, how could we reserve more space
  for non-compressed write?
  Thus we go error path directly.
  This removes the retry: label.

- Add more comment for super long parameter list
  Explain which parameter is for, so we don't need to check the
  prototype.

- Move the error handling to submit_one_async_extent()
  Thus no strange code like:

  out_free:
	...
	goto again;

Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>