nitro_enclaves: Add sample for ioctl interface usage (acc4229c) · Commits · EulixOS / Software / Kernel

samples/nitro_enclaves/.gitignore

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		# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
		ne_ioctl_sample

samples/nitro_enclaves/Makefile

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		# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
		#
		# Copyright 2020 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

		# Enclave lifetime management support for Nitro Enclaves (NE) - ioctl sample
		# usage.

		.PHONY: all clean

		CFLAGS += -Wall

		all:
		$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ne_ioctl_sample ne_ioctl_sample.c -lpthread

		clean:
		rm -f ne_ioctl_sample

samples/nitro_enclaves/ne_ioctl_sample.c

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		// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
		/*
		* Copyright 2020 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
		*/

		/**
		* DOC: Sample flow of using the ioctl interface provided by the Nitro Enclaves (NE)
		* kernel driver.
		*
		* Usage
		* -----
		*
		* Load the nitro_enclaves module, setting also the enclave CPU pool. The
		* enclave CPUs need to be full cores from the same NUMA node. CPU 0 and its
		* siblings have to remain available for the primary / parent VM, so they
		* cannot be included in the enclave CPU pool.
		*
		* See the cpu list section from the kernel documentation.
		* https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html#cpu-lists
		*
		* insmod drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/nitro_enclaves.ko
		* lsmod
		*
		* The CPU pool can be set at runtime, after the kernel module is loaded.
		*
		* echo <cpu-list> > /sys/module/nitro_enclaves/parameters/ne_cpus
		*
		* NUMA and CPU siblings information can be found using:
		*
		* lscpu
		* /proc/cpuinfo
		*
		* Check the online / offline CPU list. The CPUs from the pool should be
		* offlined.
		*
		* lscpu
		*
		* Check dmesg for any warnings / errors through the NE driver lifetime / usage.
		* The NE logs contain the "nitro_enclaves" or "pci 0000:00:02.0" pattern.
		*
		* dmesg
		*
		* Setup hugetlbfs huge pages. The memory needs to be from the same NUMA node as
		* the enclave CPUs.
		*
		* https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.html
		*
		* By default, the allocation of hugetlb pages are distributed on all possible
		* NUMA nodes. Use the following configuration files to set the number of huge
		* pages from a NUMA node:
		*
		* /sys/devices/system/node/node<X>/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages
		* /sys/devices/system/node/node<X>/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
		*
		* or, if not on a system with multiple NUMA nodes, can also set the number
		* of 2 MiB / 1 GiB huge pages using
		*
		* /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages
		* /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
		*
		* In this example 256 hugepages of 2 MiB are used.
		*
		* Build and run the NE sample.
		*
		* make -C samples/nitro_enclaves clean
		* make -C samples/nitro_enclaves
		* ./samples/nitro_enclaves/ne_ioctl_sample <path_to_enclave_image>
		*
		* Unload the nitro_enclaves module.
		*
		* rmmod nitro_enclaves
		* lsmod
		*/

		#include <stdio.h>
		#include <stdlib.h>
		#include <errno.h>
		#include <fcntl.h>
		#include <limits.h>
		#include <poll.h>
		#include <pthread.h>
		#include <string.h>
		#include <sys/eventfd.h>
		#include <sys/ioctl.h>
		#include <sys/mman.h>
		#include <sys/socket.h>
		#include <sys/stat.h>
		#include <sys/types.h>
		#include <unistd.h>

		#include <linux/mman.h>
		#include <linux/nitro_enclaves.h>
		#include <linux/vm_sockets.h>

		/**
		* NE_DEV_NAME - Nitro Enclaves (NE) misc device that provides the ioctl interface.
		*/
		#define NE_DEV_NAME "/dev/nitro_enclaves"

		/**
		* NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME - Timeout in seconds for each poll event.
		*/
		#define NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME (60)
		/**
		* NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS - Timeout in milliseconds for each poll event.
		*/
		#define NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS (NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME * 1000)

		/**
		* NE_SLEEP_TIME - Amount of time in seconds for the process to keep the enclave alive.
		*/
		#define NE_SLEEP_TIME (300)

		/**
		* NE_DEFAULT_NR_VCPUS - Default number of vCPUs set for an enclave.
		*/
		#define NE_DEFAULT_NR_VCPUS (2)

		/**
		* NE_MIN_MEM_REGION_SIZE - Minimum size of a memory region - 2 MiB.
		*/
		#define NE_MIN_MEM_REGION_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)

		/**
		* NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS - Default number of memory regions of 2 MiB set for
		* an enclave.
		*/
		#define NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS (256)

		/**
		* NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_CID - Vsock CID for enclave image loading heartbeat logic.
		*/
		#define NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_CID (3)
		/**
		* NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_PORT - Vsock port for enclave image loading heartbeat logic.
		*/
		#define NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_PORT (9000)
		/**
		* NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_VALUE - Heartbeat value for enclave image loading.
		*/
		#define NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_VALUE (0xb7)

		/**
		* struct ne_user_mem_region - User space memory region set for an enclave.
		* @userspace_addr: Address of the user space memory region.
		* @memory_size: Size of the user space memory region.
		*/
		struct ne_user_mem_region {
		void *userspace_addr;
		size_t memory_size;
		};

		/**
		* ne_create_vm() - Create a slot for the enclave VM.
		* @ne_dev_fd: The file descriptor of the NE misc device.
		* @slot_uid: The generated slot uid for the enclave.
		* @enclave_fd : The generated file descriptor for the enclave.
		*
		* Context: Process context.
		* Return:
		* * 0 on success.
		* * Negative return value on failure.
		*/
		static int ne_create_vm(int ne_dev_fd, unsigned long slot_uid, int enclave_fd)
		{
		int rc = -EINVAL;
		*enclave_fd = ioctl(ne_dev_fd, NE_CREATE_VM, slot_uid);

		if (*enclave_fd < 0) {
		rc = *enclave_fd;
		switch (errno) {
		case NE_ERR_NO_CPUS_AVAIL_IN_POOL: {
		printf("Error in create VM, no CPUs available in the NE CPU pool\n");

		break;
		}

		default:
		printf("Error in create VM [%m]\n");
		}

		return rc;
		}

		return 0;
		}


		/**
		* ne_poll_enclave_fd() - Thread function for polling the enclave fd.
		* @data: Argument provided for the polling function.
		*
		* Context: Process context.
		* Return:
		* * NULL on success / failure.
		*/
		void ne_poll_enclave_fd(void data)
		{
		int enclave_fd = (int )data;
		struct pollfd fds[1] = {};
		int i = 0;
		int rc = -EINVAL;

		printf("Running from poll thread, enclave fd %d\n", enclave_fd);

		fds[0].fd = enclave_fd;
		fds[0].events = POLLIN \| POLLERR \| POLLHUP;

		/* Keep on polling until the current process is terminated. */
		while (1) {
		printf("[iter %d] Polling ...\n", i);

		rc = poll(fds, 1, NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in poll [%m]\n");

		return NULL;
		}

		i++;

		if (!rc) {
		printf("Poll: %d seconds elapsed\n",
		i * NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME);

		continue;
		}

		printf("Poll received value 0x%x\n", fds[0].revents);

		if (fds[0].revents & POLLHUP) {
		printf("Received POLLHUP\n");

		return NULL;
		}

		if (fds[0].revents & POLLNVAL) {
		printf("Received POLLNVAL\n");

		return NULL;
		}
		}

		return NULL;
		}

		/**
		* ne_alloc_user_mem_region() - Allocate a user space memory region for an enclave.
		* @ne_user_mem_region: User space memory region allocated using hugetlbfs.
		*
		* Context: Process context.
		* Return:
		* * 0 on success.
		* * Negative return value on failure.
		*/
		static int ne_alloc_user_mem_region(struct ne_user_mem_region *ne_user_mem_region)
		{
		/**
		* Check available hugetlb encodings for different huge page sizes in
		* include/uapi/linux/mman.h.
		*/
		ne_user_mem_region->userspace_addr = mmap(NULL, ne_user_mem_region->memory_size,
		PROT_READ \| PROT_WRITE,
		MAP_PRIVATE \| MAP_ANONYMOUS \|
		MAP_HUGETLB \| MAP_HUGE_2MB, -1, 0);
		if (ne_user_mem_region->userspace_addr == MAP_FAILED) {
		printf("Error in mmap memory [%m]\n");

		return -1;
		}

		return 0;
		}

		/**
		* ne_load_enclave_image() - Place the enclave image in the enclave memory.
		* @enclave_fd : The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
		* @ne_user_mem_regions: User space memory regions allocated for the enclave.
		* @enclave_image_path : The file path of the enclave image.
		*
		* Context: Process context.
		* Return:
		* * 0 on success.
		* * Negative return value on failure.
		*/
		static int ne_load_enclave_image(int enclave_fd, struct ne_user_mem_region ne_user_mem_regions[],
		char *enclave_image_path)
		{
		unsigned char *enclave_image = NULL;
		int enclave_image_fd = -1;
		size_t enclave_image_size = 0;
		size_t enclave_memory_size = 0;
		unsigned long i = 0;
		size_t image_written_bytes = 0;
		struct ne_image_load_info image_load_info = {
		.flags = NE_EIF_IMAGE,
		};
		struct stat image_stat_buf = {};
		int rc = -EINVAL;
		size_t temp_image_offset = 0;

		for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++)
		enclave_memory_size += ne_user_mem_regions[i].memory_size;

		rc = stat(enclave_image_path, &image_stat_buf);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in get image stat info [%m]\n");

		return rc;
		}

		enclave_image_size = image_stat_buf.st_size;

		if (enclave_memory_size < enclave_image_size) {
		printf("The enclave memory is smaller than the enclave image size\n");

		return -ENOMEM;
		}

		rc = ioctl(enclave_fd, NE_GET_IMAGE_LOAD_INFO, &image_load_info);
		if (rc < 0) {
		switch (errno) {
		case NE_ERR_NOT_IN_INIT_STATE: {
		printf("Error in get image load info, enclave not in init state\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_INVALID_FLAG_VALUE: {
		printf("Error in get image load info, provided invalid flag\n");

		break;
		}

		default:
		printf("Error in get image load info [%m]\n");
		}

		return rc;
		}

		printf("Enclave image offset in enclave memory is %lld\n",
		image_load_info.memory_offset);

		enclave_image_fd = open(enclave_image_path, O_RDONLY);
		if (enclave_image_fd < 0) {
		printf("Error in open enclave image file [%m]\n");

		return enclave_image_fd;
		}

		enclave_image = mmap(NULL, enclave_image_size, PROT_READ,
		MAP_PRIVATE, enclave_image_fd, 0);
		if (enclave_image == MAP_FAILED) {
		printf("Error in mmap enclave image [%m]\n");

		return -1;
		}

		temp_image_offset = image_load_info.memory_offset;

		for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++) {
		size_t bytes_to_write = 0;
		size_t memory_offset = 0;
		size_t memory_size = ne_user_mem_regions[i].memory_size;
		size_t remaining_bytes = 0;
		void *userspace_addr = ne_user_mem_regions[i].userspace_addr;

		if (temp_image_offset >= memory_size) {
		temp_image_offset -= memory_size;

		continue;
		} else if (temp_image_offset != 0) {
		memory_offset = temp_image_offset;
		memory_size -= temp_image_offset;
		temp_image_offset = 0;
		}

		remaining_bytes = enclave_image_size - image_written_bytes;
		bytes_to_write = memory_size < remaining_bytes ?
		memory_size : remaining_bytes;

		memcpy(userspace_addr + memory_offset,
		enclave_image + image_written_bytes, bytes_to_write);

		image_written_bytes += bytes_to_write;

		if (image_written_bytes == enclave_image_size)
		break;
		}

		munmap(enclave_image, enclave_image_size);

		close(enclave_image_fd);

		return 0;
		}

		/**
		* ne_set_user_mem_region() - Set a user space memory region for the given enclave.
		* @enclave_fd : The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
		* @ne_user_mem_region : User space memory region to be set for the enclave.
		*
		* Context: Process context.
		* Return:
		* * 0 on success.
		* * Negative return value on failure.
		*/
		static int ne_set_user_mem_region(int enclave_fd, struct ne_user_mem_region ne_user_mem_region)
		{
		struct ne_user_memory_region mem_region = {
		.flags = NE_DEFAULT_MEMORY_REGION,
		.memory_size = ne_user_mem_region.memory_size,
		.userspace_addr = (__u64)ne_user_mem_region.userspace_addr,
		};
		int rc = -EINVAL;

		rc = ioctl(enclave_fd, NE_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION, &mem_region);
		if (rc < 0) {
		switch (errno) {
		case NE_ERR_NOT_IN_INIT_STATE: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, enclave not in init state\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_INVALID_MEM_REGION_SIZE: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, mem size not multiple of 2 MiB\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_INVALID_MEM_REGION_ADDR: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, invalid user space address\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_UNALIGNED_MEM_REGION_ADDR: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, unaligned user space address\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_MEM_REGION_ALREADY_USED: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, memory region already used\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_MEM_NOT_HUGE_PAGE: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, not backed by huge pages\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_MEM_DIFFERENT_NUMA_NODE: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, different NUMA node than CPUs\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_MEM_MAX_REGIONS: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, max memory regions reached\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_INVALID_PAGE_SIZE: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, has page not multiple of 2 MiB\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_INVALID_FLAG_VALUE: {
		printf("Error in set user memory region, provided invalid flag\n");

		break;
		}

		default:
		printf("Error in set user memory region [%m]\n");
		}

		return rc;
		}

		return 0;
		}

		/**
		* ne_free_mem_regions() - Unmap all the user space memory regions that were set
		* aside for the enclave.
		* @ne_user_mem_regions: The user space memory regions associated with an enclave.
		*
		* Context: Process context.
		*/
		static void ne_free_mem_regions(struct ne_user_mem_region ne_user_mem_regions[])
		{
		unsigned int i = 0;

		for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++)
		munmap(ne_user_mem_regions[i].userspace_addr,
		ne_user_mem_regions[i].memory_size);
		}

		/**
		* ne_add_vcpu() - Add a vCPU to the given enclave.
		* @enclave_fd : The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
		* @vcpu_id: vCPU id to be set for the enclave, either provided or
		* auto-generated (if provided vCPU id is 0).
		*
		* Context: Process context.
		* Return:
		* * 0 on success.
		* * Negative return value on failure.
		*/
		static int ne_add_vcpu(int enclave_fd, unsigned int *vcpu_id)
		{
		int rc = -EINVAL;

		rc = ioctl(enclave_fd, NE_ADD_VCPU, vcpu_id);
		if (rc < 0) {
		switch (errno) {
		case NE_ERR_NO_CPUS_AVAIL_IN_POOL: {
		printf("Error in add vcpu, no CPUs available in the NE CPU pool\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_VCPU_ALREADY_USED: {
		printf("Error in add vcpu, the provided vCPU is already used\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_VCPU_NOT_IN_CPU_POOL: {
		printf("Error in add vcpu, the provided vCPU is not in the NE CPU pool\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_VCPU_INVALID_CPU_CORE: {
		printf("Error in add vcpu, the core id of the provided vCPU is invalid\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_NOT_IN_INIT_STATE: {
		printf("Error in add vcpu, enclave not in init state\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_INVALID_VCPU: {
		printf("Error in add vcpu, the provided vCPU is out of avail CPUs range\n");

		break;
		}

		default:
		printf("Error in add vcpu [%m]\n");

		}
		return rc;
		}

		return 0;
		}

		/**
		* ne_start_enclave() - Start the given enclave.
		* @enclave_fd : The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
		* @enclave_start_info : Enclave metadata used for starting e.g. vsock CID.
		*
		* Context: Process context.
		* Return:
		* * 0 on success.
		* * Negative return value on failure.
		*/
		static int ne_start_enclave(int enclave_fd, struct ne_enclave_start_info *enclave_start_info)
		{
		int rc = -EINVAL;

		rc = ioctl(enclave_fd, NE_START_ENCLAVE, enclave_start_info);
		if (rc < 0) {
		switch (errno) {
		case NE_ERR_NOT_IN_INIT_STATE: {
		printf("Error in start enclave, enclave not in init state\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_NO_MEM_REGIONS_ADDED: {
		printf("Error in start enclave, no memory regions have been added\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_NO_VCPUS_ADDED: {
		printf("Error in start enclave, no vCPUs have been added\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_FULL_CORES_NOT_USED: {
		printf("Error in start enclave, enclave has no full cores set\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_ENCLAVE_MEM_MIN_SIZE: {
		printf("Error in start enclave, enclave memory is less than min size\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_INVALID_FLAG_VALUE: {
		printf("Error in start enclave, provided invalid flag\n");

		break;
		}

		case NE_ERR_INVALID_ENCLAVE_CID: {
		printf("Error in start enclave, provided invalid enclave CID\n");

		break;
		}

		default:
		printf("Error in start enclave [%m]\n");
		}

		return rc;
		}

		return 0;
		}

		/**
		* ne_start_enclave_check_booted() - Start the enclave and wait for a hearbeat
		* from it, on a newly created vsock channel,
		* to check it has booted.
		* @enclave_fd : The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
		*
		* Context: Process context.
		* Return:
		* * 0 on success.
		* * Negative return value on failure.
		*/
		static int ne_start_enclave_check_booted(int enclave_fd)
		{
		struct sockaddr_vm client_vsock_addr = {};
		int client_vsock_fd = -1;
		socklen_t client_vsock_len = sizeof(client_vsock_addr);
		struct ne_enclave_start_info enclave_start_info = {};
		struct pollfd fds[1] = {};
		int rc = -EINVAL;
		unsigned char recv_buf = 0;
		struct sockaddr_vm server_vsock_addr = {
		.svm_family = AF_VSOCK,
		.svm_cid = NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_CID,
		.svm_port = NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_PORT,
		};
		int server_vsock_fd = -1;

		server_vsock_fd = socket(AF_VSOCK, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
		if (server_vsock_fd < 0) {
		rc = server_vsock_fd;

		printf("Error in socket [%m]\n");

		return rc;
		}

		rc = bind(server_vsock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_vsock_addr,
		sizeof(server_vsock_addr));
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in bind [%m]\n");

		goto out;
		}

		rc = listen(server_vsock_fd, 1);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in listen [%m]\n");

		goto out;
		}

		rc = ne_start_enclave(enclave_fd, &enclave_start_info);
		if (rc < 0)
		goto out;

		printf("Enclave started, CID %llu\n", enclave_start_info.enclave_cid);

		fds[0].fd = server_vsock_fd;
		fds[0].events = POLLIN;

		rc = poll(fds, 1, NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in poll [%m]\n");

		goto out;
		}

		if (!rc) {
		printf("Poll timeout, %d seconds elapsed\n", NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME);

		rc = -ETIMEDOUT;

		goto out;
		}

		if ((fds[0].revents & POLLIN) == 0) {
		printf("Poll received value %d\n", fds[0].revents);

		rc = -EINVAL;

		goto out;
		}

		rc = accept(server_vsock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_vsock_addr,
		&client_vsock_len);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in accept [%m]\n");

		goto out;
		}

		client_vsock_fd = rc;

		/*
		* Read the heartbeat value that the init process in the enclave sends
		* after vsock connect.
		*/
		rc = read(client_vsock_fd, &recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf));
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in read [%m]\n");

		goto out;
		}

		if (rc != sizeof(recv_buf) \|\| recv_buf != NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_VALUE) {
		printf("Read %d instead of %d\n", recv_buf,
		NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_VALUE);

		goto out;
		}

		/* Write the heartbeat value back. */
		rc = write(client_vsock_fd, &recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf));
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in write [%m]\n");

		goto out;
		}

		rc = 0;

		out:
		close(server_vsock_fd);

		return rc;
		}

		int main(int argc, char *argv[])
		{
		int enclave_fd = -1;
		unsigned int i = 0;
		int ne_dev_fd = -1;
		struct ne_user_mem_region ne_user_mem_regions[NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS] = {};
		unsigned int ne_vcpus[NE_DEFAULT_NR_VCPUS] = {};
		int rc = -EINVAL;
		pthread_t thread_id = 0;
		unsigned long slot_uid = 0;

		if (argc != 2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <path_to_enclave_image>\n", argv[0]);

		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}

		if (strlen(argv[1]) >= PATH_MAX) {
		printf("The size of the path to enclave image is higher than max path\n");

		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}

		ne_dev_fd = open(NE_DEV_NAME, O_RDWR \| O_CLOEXEC);
		if (ne_dev_fd < 0) {
		printf("Error in open NE device [%m]\n");

		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}

		printf("Creating enclave slot ...\n");

		rc = ne_create_vm(ne_dev_fd, &slot_uid, &enclave_fd);

		close(ne_dev_fd);

		if (rc < 0)
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

		printf("Enclave fd %d\n", enclave_fd);

		rc = pthread_create(&thread_id, NULL, ne_poll_enclave_fd, (void *)&enclave_fd);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in thread create [%m]\n");

		close(enclave_fd);

		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}

		for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++) {
		ne_user_mem_regions[i].memory_size = NE_MIN_MEM_REGION_SIZE;

		rc = ne_alloc_user_mem_region(&ne_user_mem_regions[i]);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in alloc userspace memory region, iter %d\n", i);

		goto release_enclave_fd;
		}
		}

		rc = ne_load_enclave_image(enclave_fd, ne_user_mem_regions, argv[1]);
		if (rc < 0)
		goto release_enclave_fd;

		for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++) {
		rc = ne_set_user_mem_region(enclave_fd, ne_user_mem_regions[i]);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in set memory region, iter %d\n", i);

		goto release_enclave_fd;
		}
		}

		printf("Enclave memory regions were added\n");

		for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_VCPUS; i++) {
		/*
		* The vCPU is chosen from the enclave vCPU pool, if the value
		* of the vcpu_id is 0.
		*/
		ne_vcpus[i] = 0;
		rc = ne_add_vcpu(enclave_fd, &ne_vcpus[i]);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in add vcpu, iter %d\n", i);

		goto release_enclave_fd;
		}

		printf("Added vCPU %d to the enclave\n", ne_vcpus[i]);
		}

		printf("Enclave vCPUs were added\n");

		rc = ne_start_enclave_check_booted(enclave_fd);
		if (rc < 0) {
		printf("Error in the enclave start / image loading heartbeat logic [rc=%d]\n", rc);

		goto release_enclave_fd;
		}

		printf("Entering sleep for %d seconds ...\n", NE_SLEEP_TIME);

		sleep(NE_SLEEP_TIME);

		close(enclave_fd);

		ne_free_mem_regions(ne_user_mem_regions);

		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

		release_enclave_fd:
		close(enclave_fd);
		ne_free_mem_regions(ne_user_mem_regions);

		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}