docs: document panic fully in sysctl/kernel.rst

The description of panic doesn’t cover all the supported scenarios;
this patch fixes that, describing the three possibilities (no reboot,
immediate reboot, reboot after a delay).

Based on the implementation in kernel/panic.c.

Signed-off-by: Stephen Kitt <steve@sk2.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>